1、电气安装
1．Electricalinstallation
1.1配管及管内穿线
1.1Tubingandtubularthreading
1.1.1严格按照《建筑电气工程施工质量验收规范》GB-进行配线。ThewiringisstrictlyinaccordancewithGB-ofCodeofAcceptanceofConstructionQualityofElectricalInstallationinBuilding.
1.1.2严格按照设计要求选好预埋所需管子的型号、规格、数量，然后对管子进行一系列的加工，再按照设计、规范和质评标准进行管路编号敷设，作好隐蔽工程记录，在系统接地连通可靠后，按工序流水作业要求将导线穿入管内并与各用电设备连接。Itisrequiredtoselectthemodel,specificationandquantityofembeddedpipesstrictlyaccordingtotherequirementsofdesign,makeaseriesofprocessingandthenmakethepipelinelayinginasequenceofnumberinthelightofdesign,criterionandqualityassessmentstandardsaswellasmakegoodrecordsofengineering;afterthesystemgroundingisputthroughreliably,itissupposedtoputtheconductorintothepipeandconnectwithanypowereddeviceaccordingtotherequirementsofprocesspipelining.
1.1.3防腐镀锌钢管埋地深度大于0.5m，半硬塑料管其保护层不小于15mm，所配管子其弯曲半径不小于管外径的10倍，弯曲处弯扁度不大于管外径的10%，穿过设备基础的钢管应加保护管，镀锌层剥落处应涂以防腐漆。Thedepthofembeddedanticorrosivegalvanizedsteelpipeshallbemorethan0.5m,andthethicknessofprotectivelayerofsemi-hardplasticpipeisnotlessthan15mm;thebendingradiusofpipingisnotlessthan10timesofexternaldiameterofpipe,andthebendingandflattingdegreeofbendisn’tmorethan10%ofexternaldiameterofpipe.Thesteelpipecrossingtheequipmentfoundationshallbeprotectedwithprotectivetube,andtheexfoliationofgalvanizedlayershallbealsoappliedwithanticorrosivepaint.
1.1.4镀锌钢管进入箱（盒）处应顺直，固定可靠，其露出的长度小于5mm并用锁紧螺母固定，管子露出锁紧螺母的螺纹为2-4扣，进入电缆沟内的长度不小于60mm以便与电缆沟内的接地母线可靠连接。Thegalvanizedsteelpipeshallbeputintothecase(box)straightly,firmlyandreliably.Thelengthofexposedpartshallbelessthan5mm,andfastenedwithlocknut;thescrewthreadofexposedlocknutofthepipeadopts2-4buckles,andthelengthoflocknutintocabletrenchisnotlessthan60mmsothatitguaranteesreliableconnectionwithearthbusinsidethecabletrench.
1.1.5导线在导管内不得有接头或扭结，在箱（盒）内应留有适当的余量，穿线后不进入箱（盒）的管口应作好密封处理。照明线路在接线盒内连接采用安全压线帽，利用三点抱压式压线钳进行连接。Theconductorshallnotbeknottedortwistedintheconductorpipe,orleaveproperspaceinthecase(box).Thepipeorificeoutsidethecase(box)afterthreadingshallbesealedwell.Theconnectionoflightingcircuitinsidetheconnectionboxadoptssafetywirejointandmakesconnectionwiththree-pointextrusiontypewireclamp.
1.1.6所有导线应连接牢固，包扎严密，绝缘良好，不伤线芯，导线间和导线对地间绝缘电阻必须大于0.5兆欧。Allconductorsshallbeconnectedfirmlyandwrappedcloselyaswellasinsulatedwellwithoutdamagingwirecore.Theinsulationresistancebetweenconductorsorconductorandgroundmustbemorethan0.5megohm.
1.2电缆线路的敷设
1.2Layingofcableline
严格按照设计要求明确电缆的型号、规格和电缆线路的起点、敷设路径、终点。敷设原则是：先敷设集中的电缆，后敷设分散的电缆；先敷设电力电缆，后敷设控制电缆及仪表电缆；先敷设长的电缆，后敷设短的电缆。最后和设备、仪表可靠连接并作好记录。It’srequiredtoconfirmthemodelandspecificationofcable,startpointofcableline,layingpathandendpointstrictlyaccordingtotherequirementsofdesign.Thelayingprincipleisasfollows:firstlylaytheconcentratedcables,andthenlaythescatteredcables;firstlylaytheelectricpowercables,andthenlaythecontrolcablesandinstrumentcables;firstlylaylongcables,andthenlayshortcables;finally,connectwiththeinstrumentanddevicereliablyandmakegoodrecords.
(1)严格按照《电气装置安装工程电缆线路施工及验收规范》GB-92进行电缆敷设，要求电缆无绞拧、压扁、护层断裂和表面严重划伤等缺陷。ThecableshallbelaidstrictlyaccordingtotheGB-92ofErectionWorksofElectricalInstallationsCodeforConstructionandAcceptanceofCableLevels,andwithoutanydefectofwring,flattening,protectivelayerfractureandseriousscratchofthesurface,etc.
(2)首先检查电缆型号、电压等级是否符合设计要求，电缆有无损伤、有无合格证。Firstlycheckwhetherthecablemodelandvoltagegradeconformtothedesignrequirements,ortherearedamageandqualifiedcertificateornot.
(3)对1kV以下的电缆用摇表测试绝缘电阻值；对于10kV高压电缆，作耐压试验和泄漏试验。测试完毕，对两端头用橡皮包布密封后再用黑布包扎好，防止电缆受潮。Theinsulationresistancevalueofbelow1kVcablesshallbetestedwithmegger,andthehigh-pressurecables10kVshallbeconductedwithwithstandvoltagetestandleakagetest.Afterthetestsarefinished,it’srequiredtosealthetwoendswithrubberwrappedclothandwrappeditupwithblackclothsoastopreventthecablesfrombeingaffectedwithdamp.
(4)敷设前按设计和实际路径计算每一根实际长度，合理安排每盘电缆以减少电缆头制作工作量，避免浪费。Beforelaying,calculateactuallengthofeachpipeaccordingtothedesignrequirementsandactualpath;arrangeanycablerationallytoreducetheworkloadoffabricatingcableheadandavoidthewaste.
(5)敷设时将电缆编排好，按事先的编号有序敷设，每放完一根就整理卡固一根。敷设完后用麻丝、沥青将管口封堵严密。Whenlaying,thecableshallbearrangedinproperorderandlaidinasequenceofpreschedulednumber.Eachpipeshallbelaidandfastenedwell.Afterthelayingisfinished,blockthepipeorificewithhempandasphaltumclosely.
(6)电缆头与接头必须严格按照工艺规程进行，同时由经过培训的熟悉工艺人员进行，并保证电缆的绝缘要求。电缆头安装固定牢靠、相序正确，标志牌清晰齐全。Thecableheadandjointshallbestrictlyaccordancewithprocessspecificationandconnectedbyproficienttechnologistsinordertomeettherequirementsofcableinsulation.
(7)电缆沟内的支架，伸入电缆沟内的镀锌钢管全部应与沟内的接地母线可靠焊接。伸入电缆沟内的镀锌钢管的弯头不应超过3个，直角弯不应超过2个。Allsupportsinsidecabletrenchandgalvanizedsteelpipestretchingintocabletrenchshallbefirmlyweldedwithearthbusinsidecabletrench.Thenumberofelbowsofgalvanizedsteelpipestretchingintocabletrenchshallnotmorethan3pieces,andthenumberofsquarebendshallnotmorethan2pieces.
1.3变压器安装及联线
1.3Transformerinstallationandconnection
(1)变压器安装在变压器就位前找平基础轨道，然后用手动起重机将变压器慢慢吊移到变压器基础上，找正找平后固定，并加抗震装置。Thetransformershallbeinstalledonleveling-offfoundationtrackinthefrontoflocationoftransformer,andthenthetransformerishoistedandtransferredtothefoundationoftransformerbymanualcraneslowly;afteralignmentandleveling-off,itshallbefixedandinstalledwithearthquake-proofdevice.
(2)变压器联线分别敷设变压器工作零线与中性接地线，接地要绝对可靠。变压器的一、二次引线不得使变压器的套管直接受力。Thetransformerconnectionshallberespectivelylaidwithworkingzerolineandneutralearthwire.Thetransformershallalsobeconnectedtothegroundreliably.Theprimaryandsecondaryleadingwiresofthetransformercan’tbepressedtothetubingoftransformer.
(3)变压器检查运行在变压器试运行前要进行全面仔细检查（如是否加油等），确认符合要求后投入空载试运行24小时，无异常情况方可投入负载运行。Beforetrialrun,it’srequiredtocheckthetransformercarefullyandwholly(i.e.whetheraddingoilornot)andmakeno-loadtrialrunfor24hoursafterconfirmingtheconformitytotherequirements).Ifnoabnormalsituationsarefound,itcanonlymakeloadrunning.
1.4高低压柜安装
1.4Installationofhighandlow-voltagecabinet
(1)首先安装好基础型钢，且基础型钢应校直、刷漆，用水平尺找正找平，基础型钢应符合下表要求：Firstlyinstallfoundationformedsteelandthenalignand
paintaswellasleveloffitwithlevelingrod.Thefoundationformedsteelshallconformtotherequirementsofthelistbelow:
(2)基础槽钢安装完毕，将室外接地干线引入，分别与基础槽钢两端焊牢，使其接地可靠。Afterthefoundationchannelsteelfinishesinstallation,theoutdoorearthtrunklineshallbeledinandfirmlyweldedwithtwoendsoffoundationchannelsteelrespectivelysoastoguaranteethereliabilityofgrounding.
(3)高低压柜安装Installationofhighandlow-voltagecabinet
按照先里后外、先靠墙后入门的先后顺序将电气设备运到安装的基础槽钢上，用0.5mm的铁皮找正找平设备，其结果应符合下表要求：Theelectricalequipmentshallbeconveyedtothefoundationchannelsteelinstalledinasequencefrominsideandoutsideandfromclosingthewalltogoingintothedoor.Theresultsshallconformtotherequirementsofthelistbelow:
(4)电气设备安装找正找平后固定，再对每台柜单独用6mm2钢编织带与基础型钢接地。Theelectricalequipmentshallbeinstalled,aligned,leveledoffandfinallyfastened.Afterthis,eachcabinetwillbeconnectedtothegroundwith6mm2steelwovenbandandfoundationformedsteel.
(5)高低压柜母线配制Preparationofbusofhighandlow-voltagecabinet
首先放线测量出各段母线的加工尺寸，然后下料、切断、钻孔，并在接头处烫锡处理，然后用专用螺栓连接，最后刷上色漆。Firstlypayoutandmeasuretheprocessingsizeofanysectionofbus,andthenmakeblanking,cuttinganddrilling;treatthejointwithironingtin,connectwithspecialboltandfinallybrushtheenamel.
1.5热缩电缆头制作
1.5Fabricationofheat-shrinkablecablehead
(1)剥除电缆护层：首先从电缆端头量取mm，剥支外护套；然后从外护层断口量取30mm铠装，用铅丝绑扎后，其余剥支；最后从铠装断口量取20mm内垫层，其余剥支，摘支填充物，分开芯线。Removingtheprotectivelayerofcable:measuremmfromcableend,andremoveexternalprotectivesleeveofsupport;thenmeasure30mmarmoredcablefromfractureofexternalprotectivelayerandbindupitwithtinnedwire,aswellaspeelitoff;finally,measure20mminnercushionfromfractureofarmoredcable,peelitoffandremovethefilleraswellasdividecoreline.
(2)焊接地线：将铜编织线拆开分成三份，重新编织分别绕各相，用电烙铁、焊锡焊接在屏蔽铜带上；用砂布打光钢带焊接区，用铜丝绑扎后与钢铠焊牢。在密封处的地线用锡填满编织线，形成防潮段。Weldingearthwire:separatecopperwovenwireintothreepieces,weaveitagainandenwindthephaserespectivelyaswellaswelditontheshieldedcopperbandwithelectricironandsolderingtin;polishsteelbandweldingareawithsandcloth,andfirmlyweldwitharmoredcableafterwrappingupwithcopperwire.Theearthwireatthesealedpointshallbefilledwithwovenwiresbytininordertoguardagainstdamp.
(3)包绕填充胶、固定三叉手套：先用电缆填充胶填充并包绕三芯分支处，使其外观成橄榄状，然后将手套套入三叉根部，用喷灯从手套的根部依次向两端加热收缩固定，加热时加热温度控制在℃~℃之间，调节喷灯火焰呈黄色柔和火焰，谨防高温蓝色火焰，以避免烧伤热缩材料；开始加热材料时，火焰要慢慢接近热缩材料，在材料周围移动，均匀加热，保持火焰朝着收缩方向预热材料。火焰应螺旋状前进，保证管子沿周围方向充分均匀收缩。Encysted
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